Sociology of Science
The shift from paper to electronic distribution of scholarly publications allows researchers to consider the characteristics of the scholarly literature on unprecendented scales. By mining citation data, collections of article abstracts or full text, faculty web pages, and other information, we can take a big-data approach to numerous questions in the sociology of science.
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Gender and authorship
Gender representation varies widely among academic fields, not only at the level of major fields, but also at the level of subfields, sub-subfields, and so forth. In addition to gender composition, we can also look at how access to the high-status positions in an author list -- first author and in some fields last author as well -- differs according to gender.